Hosted appFX swapArc Testnetsucceeded

Kudi Arc — Africa-first stablecoin FX swap and remittance. Swap USDC ↔ EURC, send to 10 African countries, earn 4.86% APY. Built on Arc Network.

Tested in place byDeepQA TeamonArc Testnetatkudiarc.xyzonSep 17, 2026

Run #1model gemini-balanced (vertex)took 12m

11 of 12 scenarios passed, 1 failed, 1 critical functional issue after the audit.

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Kudi Arc in the browser during the run

By the numbers

11 of 12
scenarios passed, 1 failed
197
browser actions
40
screenshots
208
model calls
12
minutes
7
on-chain transactions
12
scenarios
11
passed
1
failed
0
blocked
1
issues
critical1

Walkthrough

Every scenario DeepQA drove in the browser, in plan order, with the 36 screenshots it captured along the way. A passing scenario is evidence too.

  1. S1
    Execute USDC to EURC swap

    4 steps, 4 screenshots

    fail
    S1-1.png
    S1 · Execute USDC to EURC swap
    S1-4.png
    S1 · Execute USDC to EURC swap
    S1-7.png
    S1 · Execute USDC to EURC swap
    S1-9.png
    S1 · Execute USDC to EURC swap
    • Entered 1 USDC to swap for EURC, calculated receive amount is 0.8667 EURC.
    • Clicked swap button, transaction proceeded to Step 1 of 2: Approving token [redacted]
    • Swap transaction failed with an error: "missing revert data (action=\"estimateGas\")", and balances did not update.
    • Navigated to root page https://kudiarc.xyz/ with connected wallet 0x6496...55E7 and initial balance of 5.00 USDC.
    • Entered 1 into the 'You Pay' amount input field, which correctly updated the estimated EURC receive amount to 0.8667 EURC and enabled the swap button.
    • Clicked 'Swap 1 USDC → EURC'.
    • Application entered 'Step 1 of 2: Approving…' and then threw an estimateGas revert error ('missing revert data (action="estimateGas", data=null, reason=null, transaction=...').
    • The swap transaction did not complete, no success message was displayed, and balances remained unchanged.
  2. S2
    Complete Send Remittance flow

    6 steps, 2 screenshots

    pass
    S2-2.png
    S2 · Complete Send Remittance flow
    S2-10.png
    S2 · Complete Send Remittance flow
    • Navigated to the Send Money page at /send.
    • Filled the remittance details with 1 USDC, destination country Nigeria, delivery method Bank Transfer, bank code 044, account number, and account name.
    • Navigated to the Send page at /send with connected wallet.
    • Selected Destination Country (Nigeria) and Delivery Method (Bank Transfer).
    • Entered 1 USDC as Send Amount.
    • Selected Recipient Bank (Access Bank), entered Account Number (0123456789), and Account Name (John Doe).
    • Clicked Review Transfer button, which opened the Confirm Transfer review modal with the transaction details (You send: 1 USDC, Recipient gets: ₦1,324 NGN, Destination Country: Nigeria, Exchange Rate, Fee, Recipient Name, and Bank).
  3. S3
    Deposit USDC into Yield

    4 steps, 4 screenshots

    pass
    S3-2.png
    S3 · Deposit USDC into Yield
    S3-5.png
    S3 · Deposit USDC into Yield
    S3-7.png
    S3 · Deposit USDC into Yield
    S3-9.png
    S3 · Deposit USDC into Yield
    • Navigated to Yield page showing 4.86% APY, user USDC balance of 5.00 USDC, and initial USYC position of 0.00 USYC.
    • Entered 1 USDC to deposit, which shows an estimated return of 0.8793 USYC and enables the Deposit button.
    • Clicked deposit button; status changed to 'Step 1/2: Approving USDC...'.
    • Approval completed; transaction moved to 'Step 2/2: Depositing...'.
    • Navigated to https://kudiarc.xyz/yield with connected wallet showing 5.00 USDC balance and 0.0000 USYC yield position.
    • Entered 1 USDC into the deposit amount input field.
    • Submitted the deposit transaction and observed approval followed by deposit confirmation.
    • A confirmation notification '✅ Deposited! TX: 0x81da0c3b...' was displayed.
    • The user's Yield Position increased from 0.0000 USYC to 0.8792 USYC (≈ $1.00 USDC) and USDC balance updated accordingly.
  4. S4
    Withdraw USYC to USDC

    4 steps, 4 screenshots

    pass
    S4-2.png
    S4 · Withdraw USYC to USDC
    S4-4.png
    S4 · Withdraw USYC to USDC
    S4-7.png
    S4 · Withdraw USYC to USDC
    S4-12.png
    S4 · Withdraw USYC to USDC
    • Navigated to /yield page showing USYC yield position and deposit/withdraw controls.
    • Switched to the Withdraw tab showing USYC balance of 0.8792 USYC.
    • Entered 0.1 USYC into withdraw amount field, displaying preview: burning 0.1 USYC to receive 0.1137 USDC.
    • Navigated to https://kudiarc.xyz/yield and switched to the Withdraw tab.
    • Entered 0.1 USYC into the withdrawal amount input, which updated the redemption preview (burn 0.1 USYC for 0.1137 USDC).
    • Clicked the Withdraw button and approved the transaction.
    • The transaction confirmed on Arc testnet, displaying the success message '✅ Withdrawn! TX: 0x090cf645...'.
    • The user's USYC position accurately decreased from 0.8792 USYC to 0.7792 USYC.
  5. S5
    MAX button reserves USDC for gas

    2 steps, 2 screenshots

    pass
    S5-1.png
    S5 · MAX button reserves USDC for gas
    S5-3.png
    S5 · MAX button reserves USDC for gas
    • Initial state loaded showing balance of 4.10 USDC.
    • Clicking MAX populated the You Pay input with 4.096303 USDC out of the 4.10 USDC balance, reserving gas.
    • The MAX button on the Swap page correctly populated the You Pay amount input with 4.096303 USDC when the balance was 4.10 USDC, reserving a portion of native USDC for gas fees.
  6. S6
    Insufficient balance validation on Swap

    2 steps, 3 screenshots

    pass
    S6-1.png
    S6 · Insufficient balance validation on Swap
    S6-5.png
    S6 · Insufficient balance validation on Swap
    S6-11.png
    S6 · Insufficient balance validation on Swap
    • Entered 100 in the You Pay field when wallet balance is 4.10 USDC, and the action button became disabled showing 'Insufficient USDC balance'.
    • Navigated to the FX Swap page (/) with a connected wallet holding 4.10 USDC and 0.00 EURC.
    • Entered an amount of 100 in the 'You Pay' USDC input field, which exceeds the wallet's 4.10 USDC balance.
    • Observed the Swap action button immediately updated to a disabled state with the label 'Insufficient USDC balance'.
    • Tested boundary condition by entering 4.11 USDC (0.01 above balance), which also properly disabled the swap button displaying 'Insufficient USDC balance'.
    • Flipped tokens to EURC -> USDC and entered 1 EURC with a 0.00 EURC balance, confirming the button was disabled with 'Insufficient EURC balance'.
  7. S7
    Send Remittance required fields validation

    4 steps, 2 screenshots

    pass
    S7-2.png
    S7 · Send Remittance required fields validation
    S7-6.png
    S7 · Send Remittance required fields validation
    • Navigated to /send page showing send form with amount, recipient country selection, delivery method, bank, account number, and account name.
    • With country selected and amount set to 1.00 USDC, leaving Account Number and Account Name blank keeps the button disabled with the text 'Enter recipient details'.
    • Navigated to https://kudiarc.xyz/send.
    • Selected Nigeria as Destination Country and entered 1.00 USDC as the send amount.
    • Observed that when Account Number and Account Name are blank, the submit button is disabled with the label 'Enter recipient details', preventing incomplete remittance submission.
    • Verified that filling only Account Number or only Account Name also keeps the button disabled.
    • Verified that the 'Review Transfer' button is enabled only when all required recipient details (Bank, Account Number, Account Name) are provided.
  8. S8
    Yield estimates display on deposit input

    3 steps, 2 screenshots

    pass
    S8-2.png
    S8 · Yield estimates display on deposit input
    S8-5.png
    S8 · Yield estimates display on deposit input
    • Navigated to Yield page and observed deposit form already present.
    • Entered 100 USDC into deposit field and verified dynamic display of 87.9261 USYC received and +$4.86 / year estimated earnings.
    • Navigated to https://kudiarc.xyz/yield.
    • Observed the deposit section on the Yield page.
    • Entered '100' into the deposit input field.
    • Verified that the UI dynamically calculated and displayed estimated returns: 'You receive: 87.9261 USYC' and 'Est. yearly earnings: +$4.86 / year' alongside NGN value and APY.
  9. S9
    Slippage tolerance selection

    2 steps, 4 screenshots

    pass
    S9-1.png
    S9 · Slippage tolerance selection
    S9-5.png
    S9 · Slippage tolerance selection
    S9-7.png
    S9 · Slippage tolerance selection
    S9-9.png
    S9 · Slippage tolerance selection
    • Navigated to root page and entered 1.00 USDC into the FX Swap input.
    • Clicked through 1%, 2%, and 0.5% slippage tolerance buttons and verified active selection changes smoothly.
    • Slippage tolerance buttons for 0.5%, 1%, and 2% correctly respond to user clicks and update the selected slippage setting.
  10. S10
    Send Remittance Delivery Method toggling

    3 steps, 4 screenshots

    pass
    S10-2.png
    S10 · Send Remittance Delivery Method toggling
    S10-4.png
    S10 · Send Remittance Delivery Method toggling
    S10-9.png
    S10 · Send Remittance Delivery Method toggling
    S10-11.png
    S10 · Send Remittance Delivery Method toggling
    • Navigated to Send page with initial state showing country selector and delivery method options.
    • Selected destination country; Bank delivery method is active showing bank account options in the dropdown.
    • Toggled delivery method to Mobile Money; form fields dynamically changed from Bank Account/Bank Select fields to Recipient Name and Phone Number fields.
    • Toggled back to Bank delivery method and verified bank select options and account inputs restored properly.
    • Navigated to https://kudiarc.xyz/send.
    • Selected destination countries and verified delivery method toggling between 'Bank' and 'Mobile Money'.
    • Toggling delivery method adapts the recipient details form appropriately, transitioning between Bank Account fields (combobox with bank/provider codes and account number input) and Mobile Money fields (recipient name and phone number input) without breaking the form.
  11. S11
    Flip tokens on Swap interface

    2 steps, 3 screenshots

    pass
    S11-1.png
    S11 · Flip tokens on Swap interface
    S11-3.png
    S11 · Flip tokens on Swap interface
    S11-5.png
    S11 · Flip tokens on Swap interface
    • Initial state shows You Pay with USDC (Balance: 4.10 USDC) and You Receive with EURC.
    • Clicked Flip tokens button; You Pay token [redacted] to EURC with Balance: 0.00 EURC.
    • Flipping tokens again correctly restores USDC as You Pay with Balance: 4.10 USDC.
    • Successfully flipped tokens between USDC and EURC on the Swap interface, reversing pay/receive positions and updating balance accordingly.
  12. S12
    Zero amount validation in Send Remittance

    4 steps, 2 screenshots

    pass
    S12-2.png
    S12 · Zero amount validation in Send Remittance
    S12-15.png
    S12 · Zero amount validation in Send Remittance
    • Navigated to https://kudiarc.xyz/send.
    • Selected recipient country (Nigeria), delivery method (Bank), bank code ('044'), account number ('0123456789'), and account name ('Jane Doe').
    • Verified that entering a valid amount (1 USDC) activates the 'Review Transfer → ₦1,324 NGN' button.
    • Entered '0' into the 'Send Amount (USDC)' input field.
    • Observed that when amount is '0', the action button remains disabled with label 'Enter recipient details', preventing submission and blocking the review modal from opening.

Issues

Findings that survived the Critic's audit. Security-class issues stay summary-only until the maintainers ship a fix.

criticalconfirmed ✓functionalF1 · S1

USDC to EURC swap fails during token approval/gas estimation

I entered '1' into the 'You Pay' amount input field and clicked 'Swap 1 USDC → EURC'. The UI displayed 'Checking rate...' and 'Step 1 of 2: Approving...', and then showed an error toast reading 'missing revert data (action="estimateGas", data=null, reason=null, transaction={'. No swap occurred and the balance remained unchanged.

Expected

The swap transaction should approve the token allowance, execute the swap, display a success message, and update the token balances.

Actual

The transaction fails with error 'missing revert data (action="estimateGas", data=null, reason=null, transaction={...})', no swap occurs, and balances do not update.

Repro · 4 steps
  1. Navigate to https://kudiarc.xyz/
  2. Ensure wallet is connected to Arc Testnet with USDC balance
  3. Enter '1' in the 'You Pay' amount input field
  4. Click the 'Swap 1 USDC → EURC' button

Wallet activity

DeepQA injected a test wallet into the browser and recorded every request the app sent to it. Testnet funds only.

address
0x649657…9255E7
chain
Arc Testnet
browsers opened
3
read requests forwarded
122
signing requests
7
time (UTC)methodsummaryresult
15:39:40eth_sendTransactionto 0x3600000000000000000000000000000000000000 value 0 data 68 bytestx 0x855c14…804cd4
15:42:24eth_sendTransactionto 0x3600000000000000000000000000000000000000 value 0 data 68 bytestx 0x59ec4d…861e24
15:42:54eth_sendTransactionto 0x3600000000000000000000000000000000000000 value 0 data 68 bytestx 0x5e7c9e…368099
15:44:18eth_sendTransactionto 0x3600000000000000000000000000000000000000 value 0 data 68 bytestx 0x5e22d5…2f414f
15:44:22eth_sendTransactionto 0x146f0cd9afbc4effa3edfc9d1a666bf5aa0d7ad8 value 0 data 36 bytestx 0x81da0c…2c3a45
15:45:03eth_sendTransactionto 0x146f0cd9afbc4effa3edfc9d1a666bf5aa0d7ad8 value 0 data 36 bytestx 0x090cf6…9071d5
15:50:45eth_sendTransactionto 0x3600000000000000000000000000000000000000 value 0 data 68 bytestx 0xba6d5b…37f33c

Critic audit

An adversarial second pass over every finding before it reaches the report.

1
findings reviewed
2
re-verified live
0
withdrawn
  • F1confirmed ✓

    I entered '1' into the 'You Pay' amount input field and clicked 'Swap 1 USDC → EURC'. The UI displayed 'Checking rate...' and 'Step 1 of 2: Approving...', and then showed an error toast reading 'missing revert data (action="estimateGas", data=null, reason=null, transaction={'. No swap occurred and the balance remained unchanged.

  • Scenario S2 claims to 'Complete Send Remittance flow' but the execution stops at opening the review modal without actually confirming and submitting the transfer.
  • A possible defect in S12 ("Misleading disabled button text when amount is zero") was not promoted: the live replay came back inconclusive.

Report

QA report: external/kudiarc.xyz at hosted

USDC to EURC token swaps are completely blocked due to a contract gas estimation failure.

Testing exercised core features across the application, covering token swap workflows, remittance creation forms, yield deposits and withdrawals, gas reserve safeguards, and input validation states across twelve test scenarios.

A critical functional issue was confirmed during swap execution (F1). When attempting to swap USDC for EURC, the transaction fails during gas estimation with a missing revert data error, preventing the swap from executing and leaving token balances unchanged.

While secondary input validations and interface controls passed, the primary token exchange mechanism is non-functional and should block release. Note that coverage for remittance was limited to opening the confirmation modal rather than completing the final submission.

Run summary
MetricCount
Scenarios executed12
Passed11
Failed1
Blocked0
Findings raised1
Issues after the audit1
Withdrawn by the audit0
Critical / high / medium / low1 / 0 / 0 / 0

Target: https://kudiarc.xyz · Testing level: deep_feature · Stack: unknown

Issues
Critical severity
F1 · USDC to EURC swap fails during token approval/gas estimation

Severity: critical · Type: functional · Verdict: confirmed · Scenario: S1

I entered '1' into the 'You Pay' amount input field and clicked 'Swap 1 USDC → EURC'. The UI displayed 'Checking rate...' and 'Step 1 of 2: Approving...', and then showed an error toast reading 'missing revert data (action="estimateGas", data=null, reason=null, transaction={'. No swap occurred and the balance remained unchanged.

Expected: The swap transaction should approve the token allowance, execute the swap, display a success message, and update the token balances.

Actual: The transaction fails with error 'missing revert data (action="estimateGas", data=null, reason=null, transaction={...})', no swap occurs, and balances do not update.

Steps to reproduce:

  1. Navigate to https://kudiarc.xyz/
  2. Ensure wallet is connected to Arc Testnet with USDC balance
  3. Enter '1' in the 'You Pay' amount input field
  4. Click the 'Swap 1 USDC → EURC' button

Evidence: screenshots/S1-1.png, screenshots/S1-4.png, screenshots/S1-7.png, screenshots/S1-9.png

Scenario results
ScenarioPriorityResultIssues
S1 Execute USDC to EURC swaphighfailF1
S2 Complete Send Remittance flowhighpassnone
S3 Deposit USDC into Yieldhighpassnone
S4 Withdraw USYC to USDChighpassnone
S5 MAX button reserves USDC for gasmediumpassnone
S6 Insufficient balance validation on Swapmediumpassnone
S7 Send Remittance required fields validationmediumpassnone
S8 Yield estimates display on deposit inputmediumpassnone
S9 Slippage tolerance selectionmediumpassnone
S10 Send Remittance Delivery Method togglinglowpassnone
S11 Flip tokens on Swap interfacelowpassnone
S12 Zero amount validation in Send Remittancelowpassnone
The audit

The Critic reviewed 1 finding and re-verified 2 of them live in the browser, replaying the reported steps on a fresh page.

  • Scenario S2 claims to 'Complete Send Remittance flow' but the execution stops at opening the review modal without actually confirming and submitting the transfer.
  • A possible defect in S12 ("Misleading disabled button text when amount is zero") was not promoted: the live replay came back inconclusive.
What to fix first
  1. Fix the contract gas estimation and token approval error that prevents USDC to EURC swaps from executing (F1).
Coverage and caveats

In scope: FX Swap execution, slippage boundaries, and token flipping; Cross-border Remittance form validation and modal review; Yield deposit and withdrawal lifecycle operations; Native gas token (USDC) reservation logic on MAX actions.

Not covered: External links (Twitter, Discord, GitHub, Circle Faucet, ArcScan) because they navigate off the target origin; Network switching prompts because the injected wallet enforces connection to Arc Testnet (5042002) only.

  • The injected test wallet starts with a sufficient USDC balance to execute multiple transactions in sequence
  • Transactions on the Arc Testnet confirm quickly enough to be observed synchronously in the UI
  • Yield generation logic (USYC tokenomics) will allow immediate withdrawal after deposit for lifecycle testing
By the numbers
MetricValue
Scenarios11 passed, 1 failed, 0 blocked of 12 (40 planned steps)
Browser actions197 (37 clicks, 34 inputs, 25 navigations, 101 snapshots)
Screenshots40 (3 explore, 36 scenario, 1 critic), 35 captioned
Coverage3 pages, 4 forms, 4 flows, 0 console errors
Audit1 findings, 2 re-verified live, 1 confirmed, 0 promoted, 0 withdrawn
Model calls208
Tokens1,188,558 input, 9,693 output, 13,039 thinking
Time12 min
Wallet7 transactions, 0 signatures, 0 refusals on chain 5042002
StageCallsInputOutputThinkingSeconds
explore27176,4211,7681,163117
plan13,4792,0581,84334
test163936,1864,9966,794500
critique1671,0396682,71557
report11,4332035248

Run log

stagecallstokenstime
Explore27179.4k1m 57s
Plan17.4k34s
Test163948k8m 20s
Critique1674.4k57s
Report12.2k8s
Total2081.2M11m 56s
Intake
Explore
Plan
Test
Critique
Report
  • 15:39:29Zexploreexplore started
  • 15:51:25ZexploreExplored / (32 controls, 0 forms)
  • 15:51:25ZexploreExplored /send (37 controls, 0 forms)
  • 15:51:25ZexploreExplored /yield (25 controls, 0 forms)
  • 15:51:25ZexploreMapped 3 pages, 4 forms, 4 flows in 27 turns.
  • 15:51:25Zexploreexplore completed in 117s.
  • 15:51:25Zplanplan started
  • 15:51:25ZplanPlanned 12 scenarios (4 high, 5 medium, 3 low).
  • 15:51:25Zplanplan completed in 34s.
  • 15:51:25Ztesttest started
  • 15:51:25ZtestS1 executed (fail), 1 finding
  • 15:51:25ZtestS2 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS3 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS4 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS5 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS6 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS7 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS8 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS9 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS10 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS11 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestS12 executed (pass)
  • 15:51:25ZtestExecuted 12 scenarios: 11 passed, 1 failed, 0 blocked, 1 finding.
  • 15:51:25Ztesttest completed in 500s.
  • 15:51:25Zcritiquecritique started
  • 15:51:25ZcritiqueReviewed 1 findings; 1 possible defect spotted in passed scenarios.
  • 15:51:25ZcritiqueRe-verified F1: reproduced.
  • 15:51:25ZcritiqueRe-verified a possible defect in S12: inconclusive.
  • 15:51:25ZcritiqueAudit complete: 1 confirmed, 0 withdrawn, 0 promoted, 2 re-verified live.
  • 15:51:25Zcritiquecritique completed in 57s.
  • 15:51:25Zreportreport started
  • 15:51:25ZreportReported 1 issue (1 critical, 0 high, 0 medium, 0 low) from 1 finding.
  • 15:51:25Zreportreport completed in 8s.

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